저자: RayDalio · 외국인
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결론: 투자 전에 생활비 1년치 현금 확보, 본업·주거 등 자기 자산 정비가 우선이며, 분산투자로 수익을 크게 해치지 않고 위험을 줄이라는 메시지. 재무 기초: 월 지출을 계산해 생활비 기간(일·주·월·년)을 파악하고, 최소 1년치 지출을 유동자산으로 확보하라. 유동성 구분: 집에 묶인 자금과 실제로 바로 쓸 수 있는 돈을 나누어 파악하라. 주택담보대출 상환이 있으면 실직 시 위험하다. 주거: 집은 강제저축 효과와 자기 통제 자산이라는 장점이 있으나, 주택담보대출 이자공제 등 혜택은 상황에 따라 다르다. 자기 투자: 본업이나 직접 할 수 있는 일에 대한 자기 역량 투자가 가장 좋은 투자일 수 있으며, 부동산·주식·시장보다 우선일 수 있다. 순수익 구조: 수입이 지출보다 많은 '순양(net positive)' 상태를 만드는 것이 가장 기본이다. 100 벌고 105 쓰면 고통, 100 벌고 95 쓰면 좋은 삶이라고 설명. 투자 실수: 최근 잘 오른 자산을 쫓는 것이 가장 흔한 실수이며, 고가 자산은 더 비싸지고 스마트머니와 경쟁하게 된다. 분산투자: 어떤 자산이 더 낫은지 맞히기 어렵기 때문에 분산투자로 수익을 크게 희생하지 않고 위험을 줄이는 것이 핵심. 경험담: 12세 때 캐디 수입으로 주식을 샀고, 5달러 미만 기업을 샀다가 운 좋게 인수되어 수익을 봤다. 철학: 물고기를 주기보다 잡는 법(역량과 지식)을 전하는 것이 가장 중요하며, 그래서 원칙을 책으로 남겼다.
다듬은 글
what have you found are the top places that people should be investing first calculate how many days weeks months or years you can live on your saving because when you do that you'll gain security so look at how much you're spending okay and then say how much do i need and whatever that number is you're going to need more than that because it may go down rather than go up so okay now do i have a year's spending i think you you start there then you start to think um what are the things that are most important for me and then you start with your your business or your residence that have a symbiotic relationship and that you know well if you start with your business okay you're closer to that investing in yourself with whatever that may end up being that may be your best investment not not real estate not stocks not the market well it depends you know if you're doing something where you can do it yourself and that's the thing but if you're in a job that's not the thing because you're in a different position and then i i really think there's something good about your home a basic thing about your home because it's nice forced savings and it also means that you you fix it up you're saving you find out there's oh well if i add this thing or that thing and you're enjoying it so when you're enjoying it and you're controlling it and it's yours and so on uh that's that's pretty good if they keep mortgage tax deductions and so on you know there might be some benefits to it also okay but that's not a black and white answer but by and large am i gonna move you know all of those other questions so when you start with okay what is it that's close to home and how much you need a certain amount that's liquid in other words you got it in your house you got to make a mortgage payment or something and all of a sudden it's not liquid and you lose your job well that can cause you trouble so how much do i have that's liquid how much do i have that's not liquid okay and you start to get those things right pretty soon you're you're getting yourself in good shape yeah you do those things you know you're pretty much in good shape and then you're also having some experiences and then you go beyond that okay what's a stock what's a bond and then you know you learn from experiences i'm i learned through my my experiences i started when i was uh a kid 12 i used to caddy and i took my caddying money and i put it in the stock market and i was lucky what happened to me by by the way is i took my catting money and um i bought the only company that i ever heard of that was selling for less than five dollars a share i was really dumb i thought um i'll buy more shares so if it goes up i'll make more money it was a company that was about to go broke but somebody some other company acquired it and it tripled and i thought ah there's an easy game and i like it easy money so but you know you experiment and you learn i'm curious what's the greatest gift a rich person or someone with money can give someone who doesn't have money to give the knowledge i teach a man how to fish is better than to give them a fish i mean i think you can give them both you can give education and you can show but uh ability the the capacity to be productive because you know if i can give you the capacity to go out in the world it's like go into a jungle i give you a knife and can you live in the jungle okay if i give you that capacity that's the best thing i can give you that's why i wrote the book and you know pass it on i wrote those principles over years and i wrote them down and that's what i want to pass along that's the most important thing you're in a hundred dollars and you spend 105 dollars that's misery if you earn a hundred dollars and you spend 95 dollars you'll have a good life i know so many people who don't earn much but are there because if you start to think about what it is that it costs you to live in terms of let's say the basics you know uh give me a bet to sleep and give me the food let me be educated and so on so forth i think most people can get themselves in a position where they're net positive so if you can be net positive and you could do that that's number one then i guess it was the list that we went to you know the second is you know what do you do next in terms of what do you need what do you invest in and then there avoid the following mistake the most common mistake of investing thinking that the investment that did good is a good investment those markets that did really really well became more expensive and everybody smart money is all the time compete comparing them and competing so what happens is the naive money buys the thing that was hot or is hot so here's another one that's really important diversify first of all all investments uh compete and it's not easy to sell tell whether one investment's better than the other because if people could do that life would be easy and everybody make a ton of money it's very difficult to say which one's better or worse like we spend hundreds of millions of dollars each year on research to try to give us an edge okay now you've got to compete with us but diversification uh will reduce your risk without reducing your return so if you know how to diversify well that's critical
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