저자: BillAckman · 외국인
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영상은 헤지펀드 매니저 빌 애크먼의 생애와 투자 이력을 소개한다. 하버드 졸업 후 Gotham Partners 설립(1993년 27.5% 수익), MBIA 공매도로 약 15억 달러 수익, 2020년 코로나 CDS로 약 27백만→21.6억 달러 수익, 2024년 11월 운용자산 183억 달러. 실패 사례로 J.C. Penney, Valeant, Herbalife 공매도, Netflix·Starbucks 등 손실을 다룬다. 현재 Chipotle, Universal Music 등 보유를 언급하나 향후 가격 전망 발언은 없다.
다듬은 글
William Albert Ackman, better known as Bill Ackman, was born on May 11, 1966, in Chappaqua, New York . He was born and raised in a wealthy family . His father is Lorenz David Ackman. He was the chairman of a large real estate finance company called Akmen Real Estate Group . Bill's mother, Ronne Akmon, was a housewife and devoted much attention to the family.
Bill was the second child in the family, and he had an older sister, Jenny Ackman. His family lived in the wealthy neighborhoods of Chappaqua, and Bill showed an interest in the world of finance and business from an early age. Ware went to GR High School and graduated in '85. This school is one of the best in Worcester County and has shown excellent results in preparing students for higher education.
In 1985, Bill entered Harvard College and began studying social studies . At Harvard, he was a very bright student throughout his studies, and in 88 he received the Magnacum Laudia, which means great honors. He was also active in the rowing team and was involved in physical education. During each reading, he accidentally found and read Benjamin Grain's 1949 book The Intelligent Investor .
This book completely changed his life, and he decided to start a career in the investment industry. Benjamin Graham was considered the father of investing, and his main philosophy was to buy companies at a discount to their value and hold them for the long term . After graduating from Harvard College in 1988, Bill spent two years working for his father's real estate firm, Ackman Brothers and Signer Link.
Here he learned to work with real estate mortgages and gained a lot of experience from his father . In 1990, Bill returned to Harvard Business School and in 1992 received an MBA, a master's degree in business. While studying at Harvard Business School, he began investing his money in stocks and achieved his first successes.
He met his school friend David Berkowitz, and they began investing together. After graduating from Harvard Business School in 1992, Bilevid Berkovic founded Got Partners Management . They initially raised $3 million from family, friends, and loved ones to start a fundraising fund. Goth Partners focused on investing in companies that were undervalued and likely to increase in value in the future .
Their strategy is based on the philosophy of Benjamin Gray, who analyzed the fundamentals of companies. They recorded a 27.5% return in their first year in 1993. This was a very impressive result at the time. Over the following years, GTM Partners operated very successfully, and by 1998, the fund's capital reached $500 million .
In 95, Bill and David decided to bid for the Rockefeller Center . Rockefeller Center, one of New York City's most famous landmarks, was facing financial difficulties and was put up for sale. and David made a big offer with the support of the Leucadia National Corporation. But they could not win. However, this offer brought them to the attention of the biggest investors on Wall Street, and the Goth partners became very famous.
In 1995, Bill Pe Zazich married architect Karen An . They were a couple who met each other in New York and were a perfect match. Bilbo and Karen lived together for 25 years and had three daughters, Zeckman, Lucy Ackman, and Liz Ackman. By 2000, GTM Partners changed its investment strategy and began investing in illiquid assets .
They invested in a golf course management business, and it turned out to be a bad decision. In 2001, major investors began to withdraw their funds, and GM's equity fell from $568 million to $300 million. In 2002, Bill and David Gott decided to close the partnership and return all investors their capital.
On December 27, 2002, the Got Partners office was closed. This was a very difficult time for Bill. But he was the cause of his own mistakes. In 2002, Bill began researching MBIA. MBA is a municipal bond insurer that has a triple A rating from Standard & Poor's. Beal questioned this rating and found that MI's true financial condition was much worse .
Bill MB bought credit default swaps against corporate debt and made a huge profit by selling them at very high prices during the 2008 bear market . On January 16, 2009, Bill closed his short positions and made a profit of $1.5 billion. This was his first major success . In 2004, Bell launched a new Hch foundation with his own funds and the support of his former business partner Leucadia Mill .
This fund was called Perh's Square Capital Management and had an initial capital of $54 million . Pering Square was based on a strategy of concentrating and investing in a small number of companies. That is, Bill only invests heavily in 7-10 companies. Bill became known as an active investor. That is, he buys large stakes in companies, puts pressure on management, and demands strategic changes.
In 2005, Bill bought a large stake in Wendy's International . Bendiz is a popular American fast food chain that sells hamburgers, fries, and cold drinks . Bill demanded the separation of Tim Hortons from Wendy's, the popular Canadian donut chain . In 2008, Wendy sold Tim Hortons to Triarch Companies for $2.14 billion, a huge success for Bill .
During the 2008 financial crisis, Bill decided to invest in General Group Properties, or GGP . GGP, the company that manages America's largest shopping malls , was close to bankruptcy during the financial crisis . Bill believed that GGP would not go bankrupt and invested heavily in the company. He was right, and GGP later recovered and became very successful.
Bill made a 13-fold profit on these investments . In 2010, Bill began investing heavily in Penny . GC Penny is a popular American market chain that sells camping gear. To transform the company, he joined the board of directors and appointed former Apple CEO Ron Johnson as CEO of GC Penny . However, this decision was very wrong .
Uron Johnon's strategy failed, and GCP sales plummeted. In August 2013, the bill went into liquidation and suffered a significant loss on this investment. 2011 B began investing in the Canadian Peak Railway Company . Canadian Pacific Railway is one of Canada's largest railway companies, transporting goods across Canada.
Bell found that the company's financial performance was very poor. This made him the company's largest shareholder and prompted the replacement of the CEO and several board members . In May 2012, 90% of shareholders supported the proposal, and the company's management was completely replaced. A new CEO, Hentter Harrison, was appointed and began to reorganize the company.
The Canadian Pacific Railway was very successful over the following years, and its share price doubled. This was a huge success for Bill. In 2012, Bill took a $1 billion short position against Herbalife. Herbell is a multi-level marketing company that sells weight loss and vitamin supplements, and it described the Biliramide system as a "system." He criticized Bilalif, claiming that the company's business model was illegal.
However, another investor, Karl Aien, opposed Bill's idea and invested heavily in Hirbfer . In January 2013, they had a live argument on CNBC, which became one of Wall Street's most famous feuds. In 2016, the Federal Trade Commission reached a settlement with Herb Life . In 2018, Bill closed his account and lost about $500 million on this investment .
In 2015, Bill Violand made a large investment in a pharmaceutical company. Volent Pharmaceuticals was a pharmaceutical company that used a strategy of acquiring other companies and driving down drug prices . Bilil bought a large portion of the option's shares and joined the board of directors. However, Valiant later faced major problems .
The company overpriced the drug, which caused a public outcry. In 2017, Bill sold the remaining shares in Valya for about $300 million, losing more than $4 billion on that investment. This was one of his biggest failures. 2015-2018 was a very difficult period for Bill . Pershing Square suffered losses and many investors withdrew their funds.
In 2016, Bill and Karen decided to end their 25-year marriage . The divorce process was peaceful and amicable. In 2017, Bill met designer and architect Nry Oksman. He worked as a professor at the Mitt Media Lab and developed a new design philosophy called ecology. Bilva and Neri met in late 2017 and quickly became close.
They got engaged in 2018 and got married in January 2019. In the spring of 2019, they had their first daughter, Rayka . In 2019, Perhning Square made a remarkable comeback . The fund returned 58.1%, making it one of the best performing funds in the world. In February 2020, he realized the seriousness of the Covid-19 pandemic .
Bill decided to buy credit defaults to protect his fund . Bill spent money to buy protection against corporate debt . In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused the American economy to plummet, sending shockwaves through the markets . The value of B's credit default swaps rose to $2.6 billion. This is not to say that $27 million turned into $2.16 billion in less than a month.
That is, more than 100 times the profit. This was one of the most successful investments in the history of HCH funds. At the end of 2020, Perh's square showed a 12% return of 70.2% . This was the best result in the fund's history. In 2020, Bill Sterle made a large investment in the company. Sterle is an online restaurant services platform that makes food ordering and delivery easy.
Bill invested $650 million in sterling. In 2021, sterling was introduced to the market, and in 2022, the share price fell sharply. In 24, Bill sold the remaining shares of the Sterley company and suffered a huge loss on this investment. In 2021, Bill made a major investment in Universal Music Group.
Universal Music Group is one of the world's largest music companies, signing contracts with singers and musicians and distributing their music. Buil considered Universal Music a very strong and long-term investment. He bought 10% of the company for $4 billion. This investment remains one of Bill's most successful investments to date .
In 2021, Bill also made a major investment in Netflix. However, in 2022, Netflix faced major problems . The company failed to meet its growth expectations and its stock price fell 35%. Bill decided to sell his Netflix shares, and suffered a $400 million loss on the investment. In 2023, Bill made a large investment in Chipotle Mexican Grill.
Chepotli is a popular American fast food chain that serves burritos, tacos, and other Mexican dishes. Bill made a large investment in Chipotle and joined the company's board of directors. Chipotle was very successful, and its stock price doubled over the following years . Bill is now one of Cotney's largest shareholders, with his stake estimated at several billion dollars.
Bill pays great attention not only to investment, but also to charity and society. He and his wife, Neri, make major donations through the Pershing Square Foundation . They have contributed significantly to supporting education, funding scientific research, and various community projects . Bill. He has donated hundreds of millions of dollars to educational institutions.
Bill currently serves as the managing director and major shareholder of Pershing Square Capital. In November 2024, Perscare assets amounted to $18.3 billion . Bill's personal fortune was estimated by Forbes at $9.3 billion in 2025 . He is ranked 327th on the list of the richest people in the world .
Bill currently owns large stakes in Chipotle, Mexican Grill, Quartz H Corporation, and Domins Pizza Enterprises, among several other companies . Bill. Akman's life and work have been the subject of much controversy . Some consider him a brilliant investor , while others criticize him as a ruthless capitalist .
UGC has had failures with Penny and Valiant pharmaceuticals . But Canada has had incredible success with the Pacific Railway, General Groceries, Chipotle, and Universal Music Group . His 2020 COVID-19 investment is considered one of the most successful investments in the history of Hich funds . Bill is now 58 years old and he is still active as an investor and philanthropist .
His life is the story of a man born into a wealthy family and given incredible opportunities, who made the most of his talents and found his place on Wall Street.
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