저자: 미상 · 외국인
요약 보기
Peter Lynch의 Magellan 펀드는 연 29.2% 수익을 냈지만 투자자들은 잦은 매매·단기 실적 추종 등으로 손실을 봤다고 주장. 흔한 실수 5가지(과거 수익률만 보기, 과다 분산, 단기 주식투자, 포트폴리오 과다 확인, 비용·세금 무시)를 제시. 인도 Nifty50·Mid Cap100·Small Cap250 인덱스 펀드 중심 투자와 나이별 비중(20대 주로 공격적, 50대 이상 채권·FD) 권고. 적립식 투자와 펀드 담보 대출 장점도 언급. 개별 종목·국내외 자산의 가격 방향 예측 발언은 없음.
다듬은 글
Before I start the video, let me tell you a story about Peter Lynch. Many of you might be hearing this name for the first time, but he was a highly regarded investor in the world of investing. In 1977, he started an asset management company called Magellan and managed that fund until 1990. After that, he retired.
When he started this fund, he started with $6 million. But when he retired in 1990, the fund's size had reached $14 billion, and that too at a rate of return of 29.2%. What's the big deal in this? Every investor does the same; every asset management company works the same way. But friends, the most shocking thing in this story was that the investors lost money.
When I heard this, I was shocked. How could this be possible when the fund grew at a rate of 29.2% and the investors were losing money? So, is that true? We were making mistakes. If we correct them, we can improve not only 2025 but every year to come. It's a common thing. If a fund is growing, it's growing with the investor's money.
So, the investor's money should grow too. But this doesn't always happen. Friends, some investors are very smart, like I was at times. But now I've improved. I don't make those mistakes. Smart investors like us, who consider themselves very clever, start timing the market. This is the biggest mistake they make: they just buy here, sell here, then it comes down, then buy again, then sell again.
They think that if they sell higher, they'll buy lower, sell higher, and buy lower. What will happen with this? We'll earn a higher return. But this is the mistake they make. There are some other smart people who invest based on one year's returns. Now, some investors also made these same mistakes, which led to that loss.
In 1980, that fund grew at 80%. There was a queue. It's a very good fund. It's a very good return. People invested heavily. But what happened after that? Its return, which was 8%, remained like that for years, meaning it couldn't even beat the index. Then people panicked and started selling. Those people suffered huge losses.
Well, in this video, I'm going to cover the five mistakes that people usually make, knowingly or unknowingly, before or after investing. If you avoid those mistakes, you'll become one of the top investors. And finally, I'm going to tell you which M&A funds will be best for you in 2025 and how, according to what percentage, you should invest.
Mistake number one is focusing only on past performance. People make these mistakes here. People invest just by looking at the returns of the past year, two years, or three years. Friends, the same mistake happened in the case of Macum, where their return in one year was 80%. Seeing that, people invested a lot of money, which later ended up in a loss.
Friends, whenever you choose an AMC for your investment, you will look at its past performance of 5 years, 10 years or even lifetime, meaning how much return it has given since the plan was established till now. Only after seeing this will you decide whether to invest in it or not. If the overall return is good, i.e., 12 or 15, meaning it is at least beating the index fund, then it is fine.
If it is not beating the index fund, only for the last 5 years or 3 years, show that those people are giving 30 or 40 percent. Friends, do not invest in such funds. Mistake number two is over diversification. Many people make this mistake. They will invest in large cap, then flexi cap, and after that they will pick up two or four small cap funds.
Friends, you should maintain a ratio. I will cover that in the end as to how you should invest, but do not choose a fund whose name may change a little, but I invest in companies of the same category, such as large cap. What happens is that it invests in large companies. Nifty 50 Index Fund also invests in the top 50 companies of India, so investing in both is almost the same.
Right, so what are you doing here? You are not increasing your return ratio, you are increasing your risk. So, it is better that you choose only one fund, choose Nifty 50 index mutual fund and do not invest the rest in any large cap. Now if you have some money left, then invest it in small cap or mid cap, but only one is fine and we have to see its return from starting till now.
Third mistake: investing for short term in equity. Friends, do not invest in equity for short term. This was the case with Maclean too. People were thinking that they would get 80% return every year and they booked their loss in the second year itself. If they had stayed invested, then imagine, by 1990 the fund reached from four to six million to 14 billion, then how much would their return have been?
Their money would have increased more than 20 times, but people would not have done that much. Friends, you could not stay invested for long. This is the harsh reality. The average investor does not stay in mutual funds for more than 2.4 years. So, even if you assume that you see returns of more than 5 years and are convinced, will you remain an investor for that long?
Friends, if you are looking for the short term, equity will not be the best for you because it is possible that your money may not grow for two to four years and you may remain in loss. But after that, when it grows, it will give you higher returns than every other instrument. Nowadays, people have become such that they invest today and think that their returns will increase tomorrow and they will get more money tomorrow.
That is why most of the people do options trading in which most of the people are booking losses. And such ridiculous schemes come up like go to this app and invest 5 lakhs and you will get 000 every month. The person thinks that in just 10 months, I will recover my money. I will take it friends. If there was such a scheme, it would have reached Ambani and Adani first.
They have people working with them who are more intelligent than us. It would have reached them first. But friends, these schemes are for those who want to get rich quickly, so they reach the poor and people are becoming victims of it. So friends, please stay away from such schemes. If you are investing for the short term, then you can invest in debt mutual funds, you can keep the money in FD, fine, or you can take any government scheme.
But I will not suggest investing in equity for the short term. It is your choice, you can do it, you are absolutely free to make your choice. But I will not suggest that you do that. The fourth mistake that most people make is to keep looking at their portfolio again and again. Friends, your portfolio is not going to grow by looking again and again.
Like some people who trade options, they keep looking at each candle with their eyes, it seems as if their eyes are taking the candle up and down. Without looking, their work will not be done. Friends, do not make this mistake. If you do this, I have done it and I have also suffered the consequences.
When will you invest in long term investments? You will become short term, you will not believe yourself when you will book profit in it, you will not believe at all when you are doing something in the long term, then for three, six months, a year, download its sheet once or log in to its app and see how much money is being made, what is being made, right, but checking it every day, checking it weekly is not right, when your vision is long term, if it is short term then it is understandable, but if it is long term then please do not check it daily, if you keep checking it daily then you will never be able to stay invested for a long time, now coming to the fifth and last point, which mistakes should not be made in 2025, especially if you are going to invest, if you are invested then at least you can correct your mistakes, now I will tell you the procedure of how to select a mutual fund, the rest you will select yourself, you have seen how old a mutual fund is, how long it has been there, how much return it has given overall, if you are convinced with it and it is a reputed company, now If you are convinced then you will check the expense ratio.
Normal companies charge 1% or less than 1% and it should be less than 1%. Now what is this expense ratio? For example, suppose you invested ₹1, then those people will invest 99% out of 00% and they will use it for their expenses. Because those who are managing your funds also have to withdraw their salary, so they charge 1% for that.
The second thing is exit load. Mostly, in most AMCs, it is charged at 1% and that too for less than one year. So, suppose you invested in a mutual fund and you withdrew before one year, then there would be an exit load of 1%. After one year, there is no exit load. Nowadays, there are such MCs which do not charge any exit load at all, even if you withdraw the money the next day.
So, you must also check this. If there is no exit load, it is the best and you should check the tax rate of this AMC. It is not related to AMC but you will have to pay it. If you withdraw before one year, then whatever is the profit amount, you are taxed up to 20%. If you incur a loss, then it is your profit, then the government's share in that is 20%.
And after one year, you have to pay tax on what is called long term capital gain at 125%. So this is not related to AMC but you should know this also. In most of the cases, I would suggest that you take index mutual funds like Nifty 50 which invests in the top 50 companies of India or if you can take a little more risk then you can go for mid cap (Mid Cap 100) or if you can take more risk then you can go for small cap (Small Cap 250).
Let me make it easy for you. If you are in your 20s then you should invest your 20% in Nifty 50 index fund. At 30% you should invest in Mid Cap 100. You should invest 250% in small caps. The reason for this is very simple because your age is less, you have more time. If you have more time, your age is less and your responsibility is also less, then you can take the risk, but if you are between 30 and 40 then you should reduce your risk because now you have the responsibility, okay, you cannot take such a big risk, it is possible that in between you may need to withdraw the funds, but I will not suggest you to withdraw the money at any cost, but now you will say that we invest only for the need, then you are also right, even if you withdraw it, it is still money and it will not be of any use to you, then what is the benefit, so what should be done, if you are between 30 to 40 then your investment ratio will be 30 in small caps, 30 in mid caps, 40 in simple and if you are 50 plus then you should keep your maximum money in debt mutual funds, you should keep it in government securities.
It should be kept in FD. I will not suggest here that you invest in equity. If you want to invest in equity, then you should decide on this ratio of 20 to 30. You will invest it in Nifty 50 only because there is less risk there. Now, because of coming in 50, you have less time. Right, you may need money at any time, then you would not want to take risk.
You would not want your money to go into negative. Right, so it would be best to go for government scheme FD. The money should grow slowly but should not decrease. Now let me tell you what are the benefits if you start investing early. If you are in your 20s, then let's say you start an SIP of Rs 5000.
According to your salary, you invest Rs 2000 or Rs 000. Now what should you do with it? Grow it every year at 10 to 15 percent. Okay, let's say you started with Rs 000. Now next year you will invest Rs 000, after that it will become Rs 1100 or Rs 121. Right, in this way you can grow it. You will keep upgrading.
Look, there is no such system for step-up SIP, but you increase your money, so what they do is they buy more units. Okay, so what is happening to you because of this, the investment is increasing. Now what will happen from this, the investment will increase more, so over the period of time you will get higher returns.
The second benefit will be there for you. Now, let's say you started an SIP of Rs. 5000, started it for Rs. 500. After 5 years, you feel that you will not be able to pay it. No problem, you pause it and let it continue. Now it is not that if you pause it, then the money will not grow at all. Your money which is lying there will keep growing.
You have stopped the investment but it is still growing. Then later on, you think that now I can restart it again. You should restart it again. Many people do this; they invest for two-four years, then pause it, then after six months, after a year, they restart it. So, you can do this too. So the second advantage is for you.
The third advantage is if you have a mutual fund portfolio, you can take a loan against it. Today, we are going to take a personal loan at 15, 18, 20, or even 25 percent. Now, if people need it, they will have to take it. Here you get this benefit. You can take a loan by tapping your mutual fund, whose return is around 9 to 10 percent.
So, definitely share this video with those friends who need a loan and have a mutual fund portfolio so that this awareness reaches them too. I will post a video in my bio on how we can take a loan from mutual funds. I have made a detailed video about it, so after that, definitely watch it so that you get an idea that even if you need a loan, your mutual fund will work there too.
So, the prices of mangoes will be the same. Now, let's come to the last part. Friends, I am recording the video before 2025, but by the time I upload it, we will have reached 2025 on our own. Make a promise about investing that this year I will invest in some new thing, whether you invest in gold, mutual funds, directly in the stock market, do it directly in stocks only when you have knowledge but do it for the long term.
Friends, give yourself a good gift. We give gifts to each other, right, but this year you promise that you will give yourself a gift and that gift will be your habit of investing. Which gift are you giving yourself, do tell us by commenting so that people also get influenced and people also learn from you. Thank you.
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